Selasa, 22 April 2014

Tugas Softskill (B. inggris bisnis 2)



 Perbandingan Bisnis di Indonesia dengan Thailand

Indonesia's economy in the first period in 1997 showed reasonably good performance, characterized by the strengthening of macroeconomic indicators. Indonesia has a low inflation rate, the trade surplus of more than U.S. $ 900 million, a large supply of currency, more than U.S. $ 20 billion and the bank sector good. Indonesia has a low inflation rate, the trade surplus of more than U.S. $ 900 million, a large supply of currency, more than U.S. $ 20 billion and the bank sector good. However, then the Indonesian economy experienced a change in mid-1997. Problem trade in foreign exchange in Thailand affecting the foreign exchange market in other countries, including Indonesia. Pada akhir tahun 1997 terjadi depresissi riil nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dollar AS sebesar 68,7%. The weakening of the exchange rate affects the balance of payments due to the amount of foreign debt that is getting bigger. In addition there is also a disruption of the external balance of internal imbalance. November 1997, the financial crisis in Indonesia has become stronger as a result of the devaluation of the dollar borrowing rupiah.Perusahaan should bear greater costs due to a decrease in the exchange rate. The borrower companies mambeli dollars so the lower the exchange rate. As a result, by the end of 1997 occurred kenikan price of goods thereby increasing the inflation rate of 11.1%. inflation continues to rise until it reaches 77.6% in the following year. While economic growth (real GDP) at the end of 1997 by 4.7% and by the end of 1998 fell by 13.2%.

Krisis finansial ini berdampak sangat negatif terhadap sektor industri. which resulted in some branches of industry should grow negative. although there are still some branches of industry that can still grow. The growth of industrial sector in Indonesia in 1997 decreased to 6.1% in 1998 bahakan reach -13.1%. But in its development, Indonesia's industrial sector experienced steady growth due to recovery in macroeconomic conditions. In 2000 Indonesia's industrial sector reached U.S. $ 41.9 billion in 2001 to U.S. $ 92.6 billion in 2002 to U.S. $ 117.7 billion, in 2003 fell to U.S. $ 68.8 billion in 2004 and rose again to U.S. $ 71.6 billion. Average growth rate of industrial sector in Indonesia for 5 years at 15.16%.

Thailand economy 1985 to 1995 experienced a steady growth which reached an average of 9%. Thailand's economy underwent significant changes after a major speculation against the baht currency in mid-1997. Mata uang Baht melemah dan jatuh ke titik terendah di 56 terhadap dollar AS pada bulan Januari 1998. Perusahaan-perusahaan Thailand terancam pailit, bahkan Finance One salah satu perusahaan keuangan Thailand terbesar mengalami kebangkrutan. International Monetary Fund (IMF) provide rescue the Thai economy through the provision of funds amounting to U.S. $ 16 million (Wikipedia: 2003). The movement of the Thai economy at the community level raises strengthening the microeconomic Thailand. Strengthening the key of Thailand out of the crisis. Micro-economic development of Thailand by utilizing the domestic market that emphasizes small businesses drive economic growth is quite rapid. In 2002 reached 5%, reaching 6.9% in 2003 and reached 6.1% in 2004.

Geographically, Indonesia is almost the same as Thailand. In terms of natural resources, Indonesia has the advantage with many natural resources, such as minerals and oil. In terms of human resources, in Indonesia is widely available at a lower cost than the neighboring country. However, based on data from World Bank Indonesia industry lags behind the other countries during the period 1965 to 1995 in which Indonesian industry level is at the lowest rank until the early 1990s. Contribution of the industrial sector in this period only about 20% of the gross domestic product (GDP), while Thailand reached that number in the 1980s (Siallagan: 2006).


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Jumat, 21 Maret 2014

tugas softskill 1 ( passive voice )


A.   PASSIVE VOICE
          The passive voice is a grammatical construction (specifically, a "voice"). The noun or noun phrase that would be the object of an active sentence (such as Our troops defeated the enemy) appears as thesubject of a sentence with passive voice (e.g. The enemy was defeated by our troops).
          The subject of a sentence or clause featuring the passive voice typically denotes the recipient of the action (the patient) rather than the performer (the agent). The passive voice in English is formedperiphrastically : the usual form uses the auxiliary verb be (or get) together with the past participle of the main verb.
          For example, Caesy was stabbed by Brutus uses the passive voice. The subject denotes the person (Caesar) affected by the action of the verb. The agent is expressed here with the phrase by Brutus, but this can be omitted. The equivalent sentence in active voice is Brutus stabbed Caesar, in which the subject denotes the doer, or agent, Brutus. A sentence featuring the passive voice is sometimes called a passive sentence, and a verb phrase in passive voice is sometimes called a passive verb.
          English allows a number of passive constructions which are not possible in many of the other languages with similar passive formation. These include promotion of an indirect object to subject (as in Tom was given a bag) and promotion of the complement of a preposition (as in Sue was operated on, leaving astranded preposition).
          Use of the English passive varies with writing style and field. Some publications' style sheets discourage use of the passive voice, while others encourage it. Although some purveyors of usage advice, including George Orwell (see Politics and the English Language, 1946) and William Strunk, Jr. and E. B. White (see The Elements of Style, 1919), discourage use of the passive in English, its usefulness is generally recognized, particularly in cases where the patient is more important than the agent, but also in some cases where it is desired to emphasize the agent.



Examples of Passive Level 2
Tense
Subject
Verb
Object
Simple Present
Active:
Rita
writes
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
is written
by Rita.
Simple Past
Active:
Rita
wrote
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
was written
by Rita.
Present Perfect
Active:
Rita
has written
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
has been written
by Rita.
Future I
Active:
Rita
will write
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
will be written
by Rita.
Hilfsverben
Active:
Rita
can write
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
can be written
by Rita.
Examples of Passive Level 4
Tense
Subject
Verb
Object
Present Progressive
Active:
Rita
is writing
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
is being written
by Rita.
Past Progressive
Active:
Rita
was writing
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
was being written
by Rita.
Past Perfect
Active:
Rita
had written
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
had been written
by Rita.
Future II
Active:
Rita
will have written
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
will have been written
by Rita.
Conditional I
Active:
Rita
would write
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
would be written
by Rita.
Conditional II
Active:
Rita
would have written
a letter.
Passive:
A letter
would have been written
by Rita.
Passive Sentences with Two Objects Level 3
Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.

Subject
Verb
Object 1
Object 2
Active:
Rita
Wrote
a letter
to me.
Passive:
A letter
was written
to me
by Rita.
Passive:
I
was written
a letter
by Rita.
As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant. That’s why it is usually dropped.
B.    PASSIVE VOICE ( BOOK: raymond , muphy basic grammar in use .cambridge university press 1998 )

1.     the participle of regular verb is –ed fora list of irragular past participle (made, seen,etc) at appertices 1 and 2.
-          Butter is made from milk
-          Oranges are imported to Canada
-          I am never invited to parties

2.    we say was/were born :
-          I was born in Los Angeles in 1974 ( not I an born )
-          We were you born?

3.    Passive + by...
-          We were oken up by the noise ( the noise woke us up )
-          The telephone was invented by alexander graham bell in 1876
-          My brother was bitten by a dog last week











C.    PASSIVE VOICE ( BOOK : oxford LEARNING POCKET  grammar ENGLISH GRAMMARR IDI SUPONO )

1.     Kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif
Subjek dalam kalimat aktif senantiasa berada di depan kata kerja dan objek berada di belakang katta kerja. Perhatikan perubahan pada kalimat pasif di bawah ini.objek bisa terletak di depan kata kerja . past pasticiple ( kata kerja III ) selalu di gunakan dalam kalimat pasif.

Contoh :
a.    Active         : we need water
Passive        : water is needed

b.    Active         : we educate our children
Passive        : our children are educated

c.    Active         : they build this house last year
Passive        : this house wasbuilt last year

d.    Active         : they will forget this case
Passife        : this case will be forgetten

e.    Active         : they always follow me
Passive        : i am always followed by them

f.    Active         : He wants you to give up
Passive        : you are wanted to give up


g.    Active         : She broke the plate
Passive        : the plate was broken

2.    Kalimat aktif dan pasif dalam simple present
Kalimat aktif dalam past tense menggunakan kata kerja I
Kalimat pasif dalam past tense menggunakan ( am/is/are) + kata kerja III (past participle).

a.    Active                   : i celebrate my birthday at home
Passive                  : my birthday is celebrate at home

b.    Active                   : they teach english in the school
Passive                  : english is tought in the school

c.    Active                   : people need homes , food and chlotes
Passive                  : homes, food, and chlotes needed by people

d.    Active                   : i turn the light off at bed time
Passive                  : the light is turned off at bed time

e.    Active                   : We import a lot of car from japan
Passive                  : a lot of cars are imported from japan


3.    Kalimat aktif dan pasif dalam bentuk past tense
Kalimat aktif dalam past tense menggunakan kata kerja II
Kalimat pasif dalam past tense menggunakan was / were + kata kerja III ( past participle )

Contoh   :

a.    Aktif                    : they signet the agreement
Pasif            : the agreement was signed by them


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