A.
PASSIVE VOICE
The passive voice is a grammatical construction (specifically,
a "voice"). The noun or noun
phrase that would be the object of
an active sentence (such as Our
troops defeated the enemy)
appears as thesubject of a sentence with passive voice (e.g. The enemy was defeated by our troops).
The subject of a sentence
or clause featuring the passive voice typically denotes the recipient of the
action (the patient) rather than the performer (the agent). The passive voice in English is
formedperiphrastically : the usual form uses the auxiliary verb be (or get)
together with the past participle of the main verb.
For example, Caesy was stabbed by Brutus uses the passive voice. The subject
denotes the person (Caesar) affected by the action of the verb. The agent is
expressed here with the phrase by
Brutus, but this can be omitted. The equivalent sentence in active voice is Brutus
stabbed Caesar, in which the subject denotes the doer, or agent, Brutus. A
sentence featuring the passive voice is sometimes called a passive sentence, and a verb
phrase in passive voice is sometimes called a passive
verb.
English allows a number
of passive constructions which are not possible in many of the other languages
with similar passive formation. These include promotion of an indirect object to subject (as in Tom was given a bag) and
promotion of the complement of a preposition (as in Sue was operated on, leaving astranded preposition).
Use of the English
passive varies with writing style and field. Some publications' style sheets
discourage use of the passive voice, while
others encourage it. Although
some purveyors of usage advice, including George Orwell (see Politics and
the English Language, 1946) and William Strunk, Jr. and E. B. White (see The Elements of Style, 1919),
discourage use of the passive in English, its usefulness is generally
recognized, particularly in cases where the patient is more important than the
agent, but also in some cases where it is desired to emphasize the agent.
Examples of Passive 
Tense
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Object
|
|
Simple Present
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
writes
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
is written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Simple
Past
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
wrote
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
was written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Present
Perfect
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
has written
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
has been written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Future
I
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
will write
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
will be written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Hilfsverben
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
can write
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
can be written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Examples of Passive 
Tense
|
Subject
|
Verb
|
Object
|
|
Present Progressive
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
is writing
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
is being written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Past
Progressive
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
was writing
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
was being written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Past
Perfect
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
had written
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
had been written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Future
II
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
will have written
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
will have been written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Conditional
I
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
would write
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
would be written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Conditional
II
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
would have written
|
a
letter.
|
Passive:
|
A
letter
|
would have been written
|
by
Rita.
|
|
Passive Sentences with Two Objects 
Rewriting
an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two
objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to
transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.
Subject
|
Verb
|
Object 1
|
Object 2
|
|
Active:
|
Rita
|
Wrote
|
a letter
|
to me.
|
Passive:
|
A letter
|
was written
|
to me
|
by Rita.
|
Passive:
|
I
|
was written
|
a letter
|
by Rita.
|
As you
can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very
elegant. That’s why it is usually dropped.
B.
PASSIVE VOICE ( BOOK: raymond , muphy basic
grammar in use .cambridge university press 1998 )
1.
the participle of regular verb is –ed fora list of
irragular past participle (made, seen,etc) at appertices 1 and 2.
-
Butter is made
from milk
-
Oranges are
imported to Canada
-
I am never invited
to parties
2.
we say was/were born :
-
I was born in Los Angeles
in 1974 ( not I an born )
-
We were you born?
3. Passive + by...
-
We were oken up by the noise ( the noise woke us up )
-
The telephone was invented by alexander graham bell in 1876
-
My brother was bitten by a dog last week
C. PASSIVE VOICE ( BOOK : oxford LEARNING POCKET grammar ENGLISH GRAMMARR IDI SUPONO )
1. Kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif
Subjek dalam kalimat aktif
senantiasa berada di depan kata kerja dan objek berada di belakang katta kerja.
Perhatikan perubahan pada kalimat pasif di bawah ini.objek bisa terletak di
depan kata kerja . past pasticiple ( kata kerja III ) selalu di gunakan dalam
kalimat pasif.
Contoh :
a. Active :
we need water
Passive : water is needed
b. Active :
we educate our children
Passive : our children are educated
c. Active :
they build this house last year
Passive : this house wasbuilt last year
d. Active :
they will forget this case
Passife : this case will be forgetten
e. Active :
they always follow me
Passive : i am always followed by them
f. Active : He
wants you to give up
Passive : you are wanted to give up
g. Active : She
broke the plate
Passive : the plate was broken
2. Kalimat aktif dan pasif dalam simple present
Kalimat aktif dalam past
tense menggunakan kata kerja I
Kalimat pasif dalam past
tense menggunakan ( am/is/are) + kata kerja III (past participle).
a. Active :
i celebrate my birthday at home
Passive :
my birthday is celebrate at home
b. Active :
they teach english in the school
Passive :
english is tought in the school
c. Active :
people need homes , food and chlotes
Passive :
homes, food, and chlotes needed by people
d. Active :
i turn the light off at bed time
Passive :
the light is turned off at bed time
e. Active :
We import a lot of car from japan
Passive :
a lot of cars are imported from japan
3. Kalimat aktif dan pasif dalam bentuk past tense
Kalimat aktif dalam past
tense menggunakan kata kerja II
Kalimat pasif dalam past
tense menggunakan was / were + kata kerja III ( past participle )
Contoh :
a. Aktif :
they signet the agreement
Pasif :
the agreement was signed by them
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